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犬猫饲养管理错误与疾病(二)

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发表于 2005-6-8 01:57 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式

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<p><font face="Times New Roman">1</font> 犬猫主人或非兽医不应给犬猫治疗疾病 不少犬猫主人自己购药治疗<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>由于他们不懂兽医<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>常招致犬猫病情严重后<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>才转到动物门诊治疗<font face="Times New Roman">; </font>不少犬猫由于乱用药或耽误了治疗时间<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>导致犬猫死亡。下面举例加以说明。</p><p><font face="Times New Roman">1. 1</font> 乱用药 非兽医人员<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>见兽医用广谱抗生素<font face="Times New Roman">2</font>庆大霉素治疗犬猫肠炎或肺炎<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>便随意用来治疗犬猫尿血<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>在治疗不见效时<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>又加大剂量。须知<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>庆大霉素对犬猫肾脏有较大毒性<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>如果是肾损伤引起的尿血<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>则庆大霉素更加重了肾的病变。另外<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>不少人喜欢用黄连素治疗犬猫腹泻<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>如果是细菌性腹泻<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>确有一定疗效<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>但是<font face="Times New Roman">,</font>犬猫和小孩一样<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>吃一次苦药后<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>以后再口服什么药<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>都会拒绝挣扎<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>甚至咬抓伤人。因此<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>犬猫口服用药<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>最好选用有甜味药品。</p><p><font face="Times New Roman">1. 2</font> 用药量过大 临床上常见非专业人员<font face="Times New Roman">,</font>给犬猫<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>尤其是给幼犬猫用药量过大<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>如给幼犬猫的药量是成年人的<font face="Times New Roman">1</font>~<font face="Times New Roman"> 4 </font>倍<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>甚至更多。有的药品无毒<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>尚不会产生毒害<font face="Times New Roman">; </font>有的药品有毒<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>过量能把犬猫毒死<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>如给幼犬猫过量注射阿福丁<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>就会中毒<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>严重者死亡。我们在临床上<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>一般根据犬猫体重计算药量<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>幼犬猫可参考幼儿体重计算用药量。</p><p><font face="Times New Roman">1. 3</font> 延误治疗时间 大多数犬猫疾病<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>如能及早发现<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>及早治疗<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>多数能医治好。但有的非兽医专业人员<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>自己买药治疗<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>结果耽误了时间<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>使兽医也难于妙手回春。如有一犬吞吃了带线的针后<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>犬每次吃食物就呕吐<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>主人买止吐药治疗<font face="Times New Roman">, 20 </font>多天仍无效果<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>才带犬到动物门诊诊治<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>我们用<font face="Times New Roman">X </font>光确诊后<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>动手术取出了针和线<font face="Times New Roman">,</font>但由于犬太虚弱<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>手术也未能挽救其生命。</p><p><font face="Times New Roman">1. 4</font> 人和犬猫疾病治疗有别 当前有不少人常按人医方法治疗犬猫疾病<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>常造成犬猫病情严重或死亡。人类会说话有知识<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>身体不适就去看医生<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>犬猫不会说话<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>身体相对抵抗力较强<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>不少疾病发展到一定程度<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>才会出现症状<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>主人也才会发现。因此<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>按人治疗方法治疗犬猫疾病<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>往往难以奏效。如人子宫炎<font face="Times New Roman">,</font>一般能早发现早治疗<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>治疗效果好。犬猫子宫炎只有发展到相当严重时<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>子宫内有脓性蓄积物向外排时<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>才能被主人发现。所以用医人的消炎和冲洗方法<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>常常难以治愈<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>临床上经超声波或<font face="Times New Roman">X </font>光照片确诊后<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>只有手术才能把蓄脓子宫摘除治疗。</p><p><font face="Times New Roman">2</font> 多种杀灭蚊蝇药物对犬猫有害 临床上常见到夏天杀灭蚊蝇时<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>引起犬猫中毒。如有的犬猫主人<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>夏天在室内喷撒了杀蚊蝇药后<font face="Times New Roman">,</font>仍留犬猫在室内<font face="Times New Roman">; </font>也有的主人向犬猫身上喷撒药液<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>用以杀灭犬猫身上的外寄生虫<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>长期喷撒会引起中毒。这些药物主要对犬猫呼吸道、肝脏或肾脏有害。由于是慢性中毒<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>诊断较难<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>治疗也难。</p><p><font face="Times New Roman">3</font> 不要把犬猫惯成只吃单一食物 猫是肉食动物<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>但家猫已变成吃多种食物<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>家犬亦变成了几乎是杂食动物。绝大多数犬猫什么都吃<font face="Times New Roman">,</font>但在临床上遇到许多犬猫<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>被主人惯坏了<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>只吃某种食物<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>饲喂其它食物就绝食不吃。这种不良习惯一是犬猫在幼年时<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>主人不按时按量按顿饲喂食物<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>为了逗犬猫玩<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>不断给食物<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>造成幼犬猫吃食过量<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>时间长了就没了食欲。主人为了刺激食欲<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>不断改变食物<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>久而久之它们就只吃一种食物拒绝吃其它食物。二是有些犬猫主人<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>认为犬猫是食肉动物<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>就常用动物肝脏或肉饲喂犬猫<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>犬猫吃惯了肝脏<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>就不愿吃其它食物了。单一性食物<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>常常容易导致某些营养过剩<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>或某些营养缺乏<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>使犬猫生长发育受影响<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>体质弱抗病力低<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>容易患病。患病后治疗恢复时间也长。解决办法是按时按顿按量饲喂多种食品<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>或者饲喂宠物食品公司生产的全价平衡犬猫食物。</p><p><font face="Times New Roman">4</font> 犬猫需适时正确驱虫 众所周知<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>犬猫体内外寄生虫吸取犬猫营养<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>分泌毒素毒害犬猫<font face="Times New Roman">,</font>骚扰犬猫<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>影响休息<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>传播疾病<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>甚至感染人类。因此<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>适时正确驱虫。楼房内饲养的犬猫<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>不外出又常洗澡<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>一般驱虫后不易再感染寄生虫。平房或室外饲养的犬猫<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>几乎都有体内外寄生虫寄生。犬猫体内寄生虫感染途径有<font face="Times New Roman">5 </font>种<font face="Times New Roman">:</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">4. 1</font> 经口感染<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>或吞吃感染性虫卵<font face="Times New Roman">; </font>或吞吃了带有幼虫的传递宿主<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>如啮齿动物等<font face="Times New Roman">; </font>或为母体中寄生幼虫<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>通过乳汁感染仔犬猫<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>如蛔虫幼虫。</p><p><font face="Times New Roman">4. 2</font> 母体中寄生幼虫<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>通过胎盘感染胎儿。如蛔虫和钩虫的幼虫。</p><p><font face="Times New Roman">4. 3</font> 感染幼虫穿过皮肤感染。如钩虫幼虫。</p><p><font face="Times New Roman">4. 4</font> 吸血昆虫传递。如蚊蝇吸了患犬恶丝虫的病犬<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>再叮咬其它犬时<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>就把微丝蚴传给健康犬。</p><p><font face="Times New Roman">4. 5</font> 接触感染<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>或皮肤接触<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>如螨病<font face="Times New Roman">; </font>或交配传播<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>如阴道毛滴虫。通过胎盘感染的幼虫<font face="Times New Roman">,</font>仔犬猫出生后<font face="Times New Roman">3 </font>周<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>便发育成虫<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>并开始排卵。因此<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>驱虫程序应在仔犬猫出生后<font face="Times New Roman">20 </font>天<font face="Times New Roman">,</font>进行第<font face="Times New Roman">1 </font>次驱虫<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>以后每月驱虫<font face="Times New Roman">1 </font>次<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>半年后改为每季驱虫<font face="Times New Roman">1 </font>次。繁殖母犬猫<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>配种前驱虫<font face="Times New Roman">1 </font>次<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>产后<font face="Times New Roman">2</font>~<font face="Times New Roman"> 3 </font>周和幼犬猫一起再驱虫<font face="Times New Roman">1</font>次。如果条件允许<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>驱虫前最好到动物门诊<font face="Times New Roman">,</font>进行粪便虫卵检验<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>以便确定有无寄生虫寄生<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>是什么种类的寄生虫<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>以利兽医选药进行有效治疗。当前驱虫药多用伊维菌素或阿福丁<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>为广谱驱虫药<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>除体内吸虫、绦虫和原虫外<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>可以驱除体内所有其它蠕虫和体外虱子、跳蚤、螨等<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>对妊娠母犬猫的胎儿<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>不会造成任何损害。</p>
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